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The California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) is an agency in the California executive branch that "manages pension and health benefits for more than 1.6 million California public employees, retirees, and their families".〔〔CalPERS. (Facts at a glance: general. ) January 2009. Retrieved December 24, 2008.〕 In fiscal year 2012-2013, CalPERS paid over $12.7 billion in retirement benefits,〔CalPERS. (CalPERS at a glance: pension program. ) December 2014. Retrieved December 09, 2014.〕 and in fiscal year 2013 it is estimated that CalPERS will pay over $7.5 billion in health benefits.〔CalPERS. (Facts at a glance: CalPERS HEALTH PROGRAM. ) December 2014. Retrieved December 09, 2014.〕 As of June 30, 2014, CalPERS managed the largest public pension fund in the United States, with $300.3 billion in assets〔 CalPERS is known for its shareholder activism; stocks placed on its "Focus List" may perform better than other stocks, which has given rise to the term "CalPERS effect".〔Sidel, Robin. "Calpers effect" may give lift to underperforming stocks. ''Wall Street Journal'', April 20, 2004.〕 Outside the U.S., CalPERS has been called "a recognized global leader in the investment industry",〔Republic of the Philippines, Office of the Press Secretary. (PGMA welcomes CalPERS upgrade of RP investment rating. ) February 3, 2006. Retrieved December 26, 2008.〕 and "one of America's most powerful shareholder bodies".〔Griffiths, Katherine. (Calpers calls for heads to roll at Citigroup over allegations of poor corporate governance. ) April 14, 2004. Retrieved December 26, 2008.〕 ==History== Discussion about providing for the retirement of California state employees began in 1921, but only in 1930 did California voters approve an amendment to the State Constitution to allow pensions to be paid to state workers, and only in 1931 was state law passed to establish a state worker retirement plan.〔''Dedication. Vision. Heart. The CalPERS story.'' Chantilly, VA: History Factory, 2007. ISBN 1-882771-19-2.〕 In 1932, the "State Employees' Retirement System" (SERS) began operation.〔〔Pichardo, Raquel. (CalPERS a model of innovation at 75. ) ''Pensions & Investments'', May 14, 2007. Retrieved October 30, 2008.〕 The California State Employees Association, established in 1931, began a close relationship with SERS that continues to this day.〔 In 1939, the state Legislature passed a bill that allowed local public agencies (such as cities, counties, and school districts) to participate in SERS.〔 Initially, SERS could invest only in bonds, but in 1953 a new state law allowed SERS to invest in real estate.〔〔 SERS then built a , 16-story building in Sacramento which opened in 1965; part of the building housed SERS employees, and part of the building was leased to other state agencies.〔 The "first major new benefit for SERS members," health insurance, began in 1962 with the passage of a law that was later amended to become the "Public Employees' Medical and Hospital Care Act".〔 Because by 1967 SERS was contracting with 585 local public agencies for retirement benefits, its name was changed to the "Public Employees' Retirement System" (PERS).〔 With the passage of a ballot proposition and a state law in 1966-1967, PERS was allowed to invest 25% of its portfolio in stocks;〔 in 1984, Proposition 21 removed the 25% limitation.〔〔 State Treasurer Jesse M. Unruh was a PERS Board member in the mid-1980s. He began PERS' emphasis on corporate governance; in addition, he was instrumental in creating the Council of Institutional Investors, an organization of pension funds and other institutions that opposed "greenmail and other corporate practices that benefited only management".〔 In 1986, the headquarters building of PERS, now called "Lincoln Plaza North", was completed in Sacramento at a cost of $81 million.〔CalPERS. (Lincoln Plaza North building. ) May 2, 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2008.〕 The building, which has , is known for its six-story-high atrium and landscaped terraces.〔 In 1991, Governor Pete Wilson wished to use PERS funds to help cover a state budget deficit;〔 however, Proposition 162, also known as the "California Pension Protection Act of 1992," gave the PERS board "the sole and exclusive fiduciary responsibility over the assets of" PERS.〔〔(Proposition #162. ) People's Advocate. Retrieved December 24, 2008.〕 To avoid confusion with public employees' retirement systems in other states, the organization's name was changed to "CalPERS" in 1992.〔 By 1996, the CalPERS portfolio was worth $100 billion, and the number of members exceeded 1 million.〔 In 2001-2002, CalPERS provided technical assistance for the Sarbanes-Oxley Act because it had sustained financial losses from the Enron and WorldCom bankruptcies.〔 In November 2005, CalPERS expanded its headquarters with the "Lincoln Plaza East & West" buildings which cost $265 million.〔CalPERS. (Lincoln Plaza East & West. ) June 27, 2008. Retrieved November 3, 2008.〕〔Vellinga, Mary Lynne. CalPERS' new look - It opens a downtown headquarters that's light, airy and innovative. ''Sacramento Bee'', November 12, 2005.〕 The architecture of the buildings, which received praise, includes an entry tower high in a shape reminiscent of a tree which is made of steel covered with glass.〔 The project was awarded a Gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating.〔Boehland, Jessica. (Close to home: A headquarters consolidation more than fills its predecessor’s big shoes. ) ''GreenSource Magazine'', vol. 2, no. 2, April 2007, pages 78-83. Retrieved November 6, 2008.〕 Blackstone Group LP announced in November 2015 that it would acquire 43 international and domestic real estate funds from CalPERS for $3 billion. The 43 funds will come from the non-core real estate portfolio. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「CalPERS」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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